Sometimes called an authentic activity. The contrast is with a case study or textbook exercise where the answer is known in advance.
An authentic task mirrors how work actually happens in the target domain — the ambiguity, the incomplete information, the trade-offs, the stakes. It looks like the kind of brief a junior consultant, analyst, or engineer would receive in their first week.
The contrast that matters is with the textbook problem. A textbook problem has a clean answer key. An authentic task has a set of acceptable answers a practitioner would recognise as competent — and a longer set of unacceptable ones a practitioner would recognise as missing the point.
Ewance challenges are authentic tasks by design. Each one is shaped to look like real work in its discipline — a real brief, real constraints, a deliverable a practitioner would actually produce. Students don't write essays about marketing; they produce marketing plans. They don't answer questions about strategy; they ship strategic recommendations.
The fastest way to know whether challenge-based learning fits you is to ship one.